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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays
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Neural stem cell niche heterogeneity.

Julia P Andreotti1, Walison N Silva1, Alinne C Costa1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural stem cells generate new neurons in adult mammalian brains. Recent studies reveal novel niche components, advancing our understanding of neural stem cell regulation and potential therapies for neurological disorders.

Keywords:
MaintenanceMicroenvironmentNeural stem cellNichePlasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Adult mammalian brains harbor neural stem cells capable of generating new neurons.
  • Neural stem cells possess self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential.
  • Neurogenic niches, the microenvironments regulating neural stem cells, involve complex cellular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss recent discoveries of novel components within the neural stem cell niche.
  • To evaluate how these new findings reshape our understanding of niche heterogeneity.
  • To explore the influence of niche components on neural stem cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on neural stem cell niches.
  • Analysis of identified novel niche components and their roles.
  • Discussion of the implications of these discoveries for the field.

Main Results:

  • Identification of previously unrecognized components in the neural stem cell niche.
  • New insights into the heterogeneity of neurogenic niches.
  • Demonstration of the significant influence of niche components on neural stem cell behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances have introduced novel concepts regarding the neural stem cell niche.
  • Understanding neural stem cell-niche cross-talk is crucial for developing therapies for neurological disorders.
  • Further exploration of niche components is essential for advancing regenerative medicine.