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Impact of the single-dose universal mass vaccination strategy against hepatitis A in Brazil

Francisco José Dutra Souto1, Wagner Izidoro de Brito2, Cor Jésus Fernandes Fontes1

  • 1Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Vaccine
|January 15, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Brazil

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection poses a significant public health challenge.
  • Brazil implemented universal, single-dose hepatitis A vaccination for children in 2014.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the initial impact of the universal single-dose hepatitis A vaccination program in Brazil.
  • To analyze trends in reported hepatitis A cases from 2010 to 2017.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of reported hepatitis A cases from 2010 to 2017.
  • Data sourced from the Brazilian Ministry of Health website.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis A incidence decreased by 85.5% cumulatively between 2014 and 2016.
  • A significant drop was observed in toddlers (96.8%), with continued decreases in females and individuals under 15.
  • An outbreak among adult males in São Paulo led to an increase in cases in 2017.

Conclusions:

  • The single-dose hepatitis A vaccine program significantly reduced HAV cases in Brazil starting in 2015.
  • Vaccination demonstrated a substantial initial impact on reducing hepatitis A incidence, particularly in young children.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyHepatitis A vaccinesHepatitis A virusIncidenceOutbreakPublic health

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