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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information
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Does attrition affect estimates of association: A longitudinal study.

N Saiepour1, J M Najman2, R Ware1

  • 1School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selective loss to follow-up in longitudinal studies rarely biases findings. This study found that estimates of association remained similar, indicating that participant attrition typically does not skew research results.

Keywords:
DisadvantageLoss to follow-upMagnitude of biasMental disorderSocio-economic

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics
  • Longitudinal Studies

Background:

  • Survey research, particularly longitudinal studies, often experiences participant attrition due to refusals, inaccessibility, or loss to follow-up.
  • Concerns exist that participants lost to follow-up may represent a select group, potentially biasing study findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which selective loss to follow-up in a longitudinal study influences research findings.
  • To compare measures of association at baseline with those derived from retained participants versus those lost to follow-up.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Mater-University Study of Pregnancy, including 7718 women at baseline and follow-ups over 27 years.
  • Compared baseline measures of association with those from retained (Group A) and lost-to-follow-up (Group B) participants at each follow-up phase.
  • Employed univariate logistic regression to assess associations between maternal mental health, socio-demographic factors, and loss to follow-up rates.

Main Results:

  • Estimates of association remained consistent across follow-ups, regardless of attrition rates or comparison group (retained vs. lost).
  • No statistically significant differences were observed in 90.8% of baseline comparisons with Group A and 96.9% with Group B.
  • Differential loss to follow-up demonstrated a minimal impact on the estimates of association in this study.

Conclusions:

  • Differential loss to follow-up in longitudinal studies infrequently impacts the validity of association estimates.
  • Misleading findings due to attrition are likely only when loss to follow-up is compounded by other sources of bias.