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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
Published on: September 12, 2011
Pulsed electric fields for cardiac ablation and beyond: A state-of-the-art review
Elad Maor1, Alan Sugrue2, Chance Witt2
1Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Abstract:
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) occurs when a strong, pulsed electric field (PEF) causes permeabilization of the cell membrane, leading to cellular homeostasis disruption and cell death. IRE is a Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment of tumor ablation and has been gaining attention in cardiology as an ablation modality. Applications of PEF in cardiology are vast and include atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, septal ablation, and targeting vascular structures. PEF has appealing characteristics, including the ability to be tissue specific and its nonthermal nature. This review provides information on the biophysics and mechanisms of IRE, summarizes key studies and applications to date, and provides insight into future applications.
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