Interactions between Pseudomonas spp. and their role in improving the red pepper plant growth under salinity stress

Solitary inoculation of bacteria has been studied widely for plant growth development and amelioration of salinity stress but co-inoculation of bacteria for salt stress amelioration in red pepper plants has been less studied till date. Here, we investigated the co-inoculation effect of Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis OB139 and Pseudomonas vancouverensis OB155 in red pepper plant growth characteristics, plant photosynthesis pigments, ethylene emission, and antioxidant properties under 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM salt stress and compared them with non-inoculated control and single inoculation of each isolate. Results showed increasing concentrations of salinity stress arrested the normal plant growth, increased the stress ethylene levels, disrupted the photosynthetic parameters and also influenced the antioxidant enzymatic activities in non-inoculated control plants. Co-inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producing Pseudomonas spp. significantly reduced the stress ethylene emission and contributed to a significant increase in plant growth compared to single inoculation and non-inoculated control. Catalase activity which was significantly increased in co-inoculated red pepper plants compared to other treatments imply its ability to efficiently neutralize the hydrogen peroxide ions formed as a result of oxidative stress in plants under salinity stress. Besides, significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content can be correlated to the increased salt tolerance in co-inoculated red pepper plants. Lastly, the increased content of photosynthetic pigments suggest the importance of co-inoculation in improving photosynthesis of red pepper plants. Together, the data demonstrated the functional compatibility of the ACC deaminase producing bacterial isolates and their role in improving the plant physical and biochemical characteristics under salinity stress.