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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Vaccine protection against SIVmac239 acquisition.

Mauricio A Martins¹, Georg F Bischof¹, Young C Shin¹

¹Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|January 16, 2019

Summary

A novel herpesvirus vaccine engineered to express SIV genes provided significant protection against simian-immunodeficiency-virus (SIV) acquisition in rhesus monkeys. This long-lasting vaccine approach shows promise for future HIV prevention strategies.

Keywords:

AIDS vaccine DNA electroporation HIV SIV recombinant herpesvirus

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Developing a preventive vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is challenging due to the complex biological characteristics of the virus.
Existing vaccine strategies have struggled to induce protective immunity against simian-immunodeficiency-virus (SIV) in non-human primate models, particularly against the difficult-to-neutralize SIVmac239 strain.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of a novel vaccine regimen in providing significant protection against SIVmac239 acquisition.
To assess the durability of immune responses elicited by the engineered herpesvirus vaccine.

Main Methods:

A replication-competent herpesvirus was engineered to carry a near-full-length simian-immunodeficiency-virus (SIV) genome, expressing all nine SIV gene products.
The engineered virus was used to vaccinate rhesus monkeys, inducing long-lasting effector-memory cellular immune responses.
Vaccinated monkeys were challenged intravenously with SIVmac239 over a 4-month period to assess protection against acquisition.

Main Results:

Vaccinated rhesus monkeys demonstrated significant protection against intravenous acquisition of SIVmac239.
The protection was observed following repeated low-dose challenges over an extended period.
The vaccine regimen successfully elicited immune responses to all nine SIV gene products.

Conclusions:

The engineered herpesvirus vaccine provides a promising long-lasting approach for achieving significant protection against SIV acquisition.
Further research is required to identify key components for protective immunity, assess protection against diverse SIV strains, and explore human applicability.