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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Does India Need a Universal High-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation Program?

Ted Greiner1, John Mason2, Christine Stabell Benn3

  • 1Formerly, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. tedgreiner@yahoo.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|January 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High dose vitamin A (HDVA) distribution in India, initially for deficiency, shifted to reducing child mortality. However, its impact has waned due to better treatments and potential risks, prompting a halt recommendation.

Keywords:
High-dose vitamin AIndiaVitamin AVitamin A deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • High dose vitamin A (HDVA) distribution began in India in 1970 to combat vitamin A deficiency.
  • Programmatic goals evolved to reducing young child mortality as deficiency rates declined globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the continued efficacy and cost-effectiveness of HDVA distribution programs in India.
  • To assess the risks and benefits associated with semi-annual mega-doses of vitamin A in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical program data and recent large-scale study findings (e.g., DEVTA study).
  • Analysis of morbidity trends (measles, diarrhea) and healthcare interventions.
  • Cost-benefit and risk-benefit assessment of HDVA programs.

Main Results:

  • The impact of HDVA on reducing young child mortality in India appears to have declined significantly.
  • Improved management of measles and diarrhea may be diminishing the unique contribution of HDVA.
  • Potential risks, including impacts on vaccination status, and high program costs (including opportunity costs) were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The benefits of HDVA distribution programs in India are questionable given current public health conditions.
  • Risks and substantial program costs outweigh the diminishing returns of HDVA.
  • Immediate cessation of HDVA distribution in India is recommended.