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Animal models for cartilage repair.

I Tessaro1, V T Nguyen1, A Di Giancamillo2

  • 1IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy.

Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents
|January 16, 2019
PubMed
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Cartilage regeneration remains a challenge, with current treatments yielding suboptimal fibrocartilage. This review examines preclinical animal models essential for developing effective cartilage tissue engineering strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Articular cartilage lesions, particularly full-thickness defects, pose significant clinical challenges due to the limited self-healing capacity and the formation of inferior fibrocartilage.
  • Current therapeutic strategies, including bone marrow stimulation and tissue engineering approaches like matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI), show limitations in fully restoring native hyaline cartilage function.
  • Tissue engineering relies on cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules, but in vitro validation is insufficient; in vivo studies are critical for assessing constructs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common preclinical animal models used in cartilage repair research.
  • To highlight the importance of these models in understanding cartilage biology and developing new tissue engineering strategies.
  • To analyze the peculiarities, advantages, and drawbacks of both small and large animal models for cartilage defect studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on preclinical animal models for articular cartilage repair.
  • Focus on models relevant to understanding cartilage biology and evaluating tissue engineering constructs.
  • Comparative analysis of small and large animal models, considering cellular, biomaterial, and construct assessments.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical animal models are indispensable for validating engineered cartilage constructs and understanding lesion mechanisms.
  • In vivo studies must evaluate cellular phenotype, tumorigenicity, biomaterial biocompatibility, toxicity, degradation, and overall construct performance.
  • Both small and large animal models offer unique advantages and disadvantages for studying cartilage regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Preclinical animal models are crucial for advancing cartilage tissue engineering and developing effective regenerative strategies.
  • A thorough evaluation of cellular and biomaterial aspects within these models is essential for successful clinical translation.
  • Understanding the specific benefits and limitations of various animal models will guide future research in cartilage repair.