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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Developing palatal bone using human mesenchymal stem cell and stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth cell sheets.

Jong-Min Lee1, Hyun-Yi Kim1, Jin-Sung Park1

  • 1Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|January 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Osteogenic stem cell sheets derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) show mineralization potential for cleft palate repair. This offers a promising alternative to traditional bone grafts.

Keywords:
SHEDcell sheetcleft palatehMSCpalatal boneregenerative medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Cleft palate is a common craniofacial defect causing significant aesthetic and functional issues.
  • Current autologous bone grafts for hard tissue repair in cleft palates often face challenges like poor integration and resorption.
  • Tissue engineering using multipotent cells and biomaterial scaffolds is an emerging strategy to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of cell sheets derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) for bone repair in cleft palates.
  • To evaluate the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization capacity of these engineered cell sheets.

Main Methods:

  • Manufactured cell sheets using hMSCs and SHEDs as osteogenic cell sources.
  • Assessed in vitro calcification to determine osteogenic potential.
  • Cultured cell sheets with embryonic palatal shelves ex vivo and in ovo.
  • Analyzed the expression of bone-specific markers (osterix, osteocalcin, osteopontin).

Main Results:

  • Cell sheets from both hMSCs and SHEDs demonstrated in vitro calcification, confirming their osteogenic potential.
  • Following implantation into embryonic palatal shelves, the cell sheets expressed key bone-specific markers.
  • The engineered cell sheets exhibited mineralization capacity, indicating suitability for bone regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Osteogenic stem cell sheets derived from hMSCs and SHEDs possess significant mineralization potential.
  • These cell sheets represent a novel and promising alternative to autologous bone transplantation for cleft palate reconstruction.
  • Further research into cell sheet-based therapies could revolutionize craniofacial defect repair.