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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometric Titration: Overview01:31

Potentiometric Titration: Overview

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Potentiometric titration is a quantitative analytical technique that determines the concentration of an analyte by measuring the potential difference between the two electrodes in the solution. The endpoint of a potentiometric titration is the point at which there is a significant change in the potential difference. It occurs when the stoichiometric reaction between the analyte and the titrant is complete. The endpoint is usually determined graphically by plotting the measured potential...
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Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Polymeric Nanofilter Biointerface for Potentiometric Small-Biomolecule Recognition.

Shoichi Nishitani1, Toshiya Sakata1

  • 1Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We developed a novel polymeric nanofilter biointerface for ultrasensitive detection of small biomolecules using an extended-gold-gate field-effect transistor (EG-Au-FET). This biosensor achieves high specificity by filtering out interferences, enabling accurate analysis in complex biological samples.

Keywords:
Au electrodefield-effect transistor (FET)polymeric nanofiltersmall biomoleculespecific detection

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Gold electrodes offer ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules but lack selectivity.
  • Interference from small molecules and biomacromolecules can compromise detection accuracy.
  • Developing selective biointerfaces is crucial for reliable biosensing in complex matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel polymeric nanofilter biointerface for selective potentiometric detection of small biomolecules.
  • To enhance the selectivity of extended-gold-gate field-effect transistors (EG-Au-FETs) for biosensing applications.
  • To demonstrate the capability of the nanofilter to distinguish target biomolecules from interfering substances.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a two-layer polymeric nanofilter via electrografting and photo-mediated surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization.
  • Modification of an extended-gold-gate field-effect transistor (EG-Au-FET) with the polymeric nanofilter.
  • Utilizing phenylboronic acid (PBA) copolymerization within the nanofilter for selective capture of interfering molecules (e.g., l-DOPA).
  • Potentiometric detection of target biomolecules (e.g., l-cysteine) at nanomolar (nM) levels.

Main Results:

  • The polymeric nanofilter successfully filtered out low-molecular-weight interferences like l-DOPA, enabling selective detection of l-cysteine at nM levels.
  • The nanofilter prevented non-specific interactions with biomacromolecules such as albumin.
  • Controlled thickness and density of the nanofilter ensured high sensitivity and specificity.
  • The EG-Au-FET biosensor demonstrated reliable performance in detecting target biomolecules.

Conclusions:

  • The developed polymeric nanofilter-grafted EG-Au-FET biosensor provides a platform for ultrasensitive and specific detection of small biomolecules.
  • This approach effectively addresses the challenge of selectivity in biosensing.
  • The technology holds promise for analyzing biological samples like tears and sweat, which contain interfering substances.