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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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Enhancing Light Emission in Interface Engineered Spin-OLEDs through Spin-Polarized Injection at High Voltages.

Juan Pablo Prieto-Ruiz1, Sara Gómez Miralles1, Helena Prima-García1

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Researchers developed a novel spin-organic light-emitting diode (spin-OLED) overcoming high voltage limitations. This breakthrough enables efficient spin injection in molecular electronics, paving the way for new spintronic devices.

Keywords:
molecular spintronicsmultifunctional spintronic devicesspin-OLEDspin-injection

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular electronics
  • Spintronics
  • Organic semiconductor devices

Background:

  • Spin-polarized organic light-emitting diodes (spin-OLEDs) aim to enhance electroluminescence via magnetic control of carrier spin polarization.
  • A key challenge is efficient spin injection into organic materials at the high voltages required for OLED operation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a spin-OLED capable of operating efficiently at high voltages.
  • To demonstrate spin-valve effects and magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) in such a device.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a spin-OLED using a conjugated polymer as a bipolar spin collector and ferromagnetic electrodes.
  • Engineering of organic/inorganic interfaces to facilitate spin injection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a light-emitting device exhibiting spin-valve effects at voltages up to 14 V.
  • Observed a magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) enhancement of 2.4% at 9 V in the antiparallel (AP) configuration.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully demonstrated efficient spin injection from ferromagnetic electrodes into a molecular semiconductor at high operating voltages.
  • This work validates fundamental concepts in spin injection and opens avenues for multifunctional devices integrating light and spin functionalities.