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The Periodic Table03:25

The Periodic Table

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As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Compound period grating coupler for double beam generation and steering.

Dachuan Wu, Wei Guo, Yasha Yi

    Applied Optics
    |January 16, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a novel compound period grating coupler that doubles the beam steering range by coupling light into two modes. This new integrated photonic device offers a 26.20° steering range and is compatible with CMOS technology.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Grating couplers are fundamental integrated photonic structures.
    • They are crucial for nonmechanical beam steering applications.
    • Existing designs have limitations in steering range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel compound period grating coupler.
    • To enhance the beam steering range of integrated photonic devices.
    • To investigate the performance and fabrication feasibility of the new structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulation of a compound period grating coupler.
    • Combining two grating structures with different periodicities.
    • Analysis of steering range, wavelength tuning, and substrate energy leakage.

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    Main Results:

    • A 26.20° beam steering range was achieved within the 1500-1600 nm wavelength range.
    • The compound period grating coupler couples waveguide mode into two radiation modes with different angles.
    • Energy leakage to the substrate was suppressed using a distributed Bragg reflector.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed compound period grating coupler effectively doubles the beam steering range.
    • The structure demonstrates excellent performance and compatibility with current CMOS fabrication technology.
    • This advancement holds promise for next-generation optical systems requiring precise beam control.