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[RISK OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION AND DISEASE AMONG JAPANESE FEMALE NURSES AND MALE DOCTORS IN RECENT YEARS]
Kekkaku : [Tuberculosis]
|January 16, 2019
Summary
Healthcare workers, especially female nurses, face a significantly higher risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection and active disease. This risk has increased, highlighting the need for enhanced workplace safety measures and monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Occupational Health
- Infectious Disease Control
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern, with healthcare workers (HCWs) potentially at higher risk due to occupational exposures.
- Surveillance data is crucial for understanding disease incidence and trends within specific populations, including HCWs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the incidence rates of TB infection and active disease among female nurses and male doctors with the general population in 2010.
- To analyze trends in TB risk among HCWs over time, particularly focusing on active disease and latent TB infection (LTBI).
Main Methods:
- Utilized TB surveillance database to calculate incidence rates and relative risks (RR) for active TB and LTBI.
- Compared RR for female nurses and male doctors (aged 20-69) against the general population in 2010.
- Analyzed age-specific RR for different HCW groups and compared current data with historical data from 1987-1997.
Main Results:
- Female nurses aged 20-69 had a significantly elevated RR of active TB (4.86), an increase from 2.30 in 1987-1997. The highest RR was observed in younger nurses (20-29 years) at 8.84.
- Male doctors showed a significantly higher RR of active TB only in those aged 39 or younger.
- HCWs had substantially higher RR for LTBI: female nurses (32.7) and male doctors (9.7), with younger age groups exhibiting the highest risks.
Conclusions:
- Healthcare settings require strengthened monitoring and countermeasures to address the high and potentially increasing risk of TB disease and LTBI among HCWs.
- Active case-finding measures like screening and contact tracing contribute to TB detection in HCWs, indicating ongoing occupational exposure concerns.
- The elevated risk, particularly the increasing trend in female nurses, underscores the urgent need for improved infection control and preventive strategies in healthcare workplaces.
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