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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Related Experiment Video

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Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
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Microbiota and cancer: an update.

Natalia G Vallianou1, Fotini Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou2

  • 1a First Department of Internal Medicine , Evangelismos General Hospital , Athens , Greece.

Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)
|January 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The human gut microbiome influences immune responses and can promote intestinal tumor growth. Manipulating the microbiome offers a novel strategy for cancer prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
Microbiotachemotherapeutic agents’ efficacy and toxicitymicrobiometumorigenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The human gut harbors approximately 1x10^14 microbes, co-evolving with the host immune system to maintain homeostasis.
  • Disturbances in this balance by pathogens can trigger immune responses that paradoxically support intestinal tumor growth.
  • Microbiome-host interactions are increasingly implicated in carcinogenesis beyond the gut.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenetic mechanisms linking the microbiome and innate immunity in tumorigenesis.
  • To discuss the role of the gut microbiota in the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy.
  • To explore the direct antitumor properties of the gut microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of microbiome's role in host-pathogen interactions.
  • Examination of microbiota's influence on chemotherapeutic agents.

Main Results:

  • The interplay between the microbiome and innate immunity presents key mechanisms in tumorigenesis.
  • Gut microbiota composition significantly impacts the effectiveness and side effects of cancer therapies.
  • The microbiota possesses intrinsic capabilities to inhibit tumor development.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the microbiome is a promising, albeit complex, strategy for cancer intervention.
  • Understanding microbiome-innate system crosstalk is crucial for developing novel cancer treatments.
  • Further research into the gut microbiota's direct antitumor effects and its modulation of therapy is warranted.