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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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The center of gravity is the point at which an object's weight appears to be concentrated and can be used to balance the object perfectly. This point is essential in mechanics as it provides information regarding a body's stability and moments of inertia. The center of gravity does not always have to fall within the shape or boundaries of the body; it may also lie outside the body in certain cases.
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The center of mass is the point at which the total mass of an object can be said to be concentrated. It is a fundamental principle in mechanics and physics that applies to all objects regardless of their shape or size. The center of gravity is the point at which an object’s weight appears to be concentrated and can be used to balance the object perfectly.
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Acute Pyelonephritis: A Single-center Experience.

L Umesha1, S M Shivaprasad1, E N Rajiv1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephro Urology, Victoria Hospital Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Nephrology
|January 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for acute pyelonephritis (APN) in India. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c) and low hemoglobin levels are significant predictors of severe APN complications and mortality.

Keywords:
Computed tomographyHbA1c%diabetes mellitusemphysematous pyelonephritismultiorgan dysfunctionpyelonephritis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is common, but its clinical profile in India is not well-defined.
  • Understanding risk factors and outcomes is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics of hospitalized APN patients in India.
  • To identify risk factors associated with APN complications and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection from 296 hospitalized APN patients (March 2014 - June 2016).
  • Analysis of clinical, biochemical, radiological data, and microbial cultures.
  • Statistical analysis to identify predictors of multiorgan dysfunction and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes mellitus (54.4%) was the most frequent risk factor.
  • Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (29.7%).
  • Low hemoglobin, high serum creatinine, and poor glycemic control (HbA1c >10%) were significantly associated with multiorgan dysfunction and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts APN presentation and outcomes in India.
  • HbA1c levels are critical for identifying high-risk APN patients requiring intensified treatment.
  • Hemoglobin and immunosuppression are also key predictors of severe APN outcomes.