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Dynamic changes of functional segregation and integration in vulnerability and resilience to schizophrenia
Jia Duan1,2, Mingrui Xia3,4,5, Fay Y Womer6
1Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
Human Brain Mapping
|January 17, 2019
Summary
Schizophrenia patients show disrupted brain network balance, with reduced short-range connections. High-risk relatives exhibit similar short-range changes, suggesting early markers for schizophrenia vulnerability.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Brain Imaging
Background:
- Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Functional brain networks show dysfunction in SZ, characterized by altered segregation and integration.
- Understanding these network dynamics in SZ and high-risk (HR) individuals is crucial for identifying vulnerability and resilience markers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate functional segregation and integration in the brain networks of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and their first-degree relatives (HR).
- To identify dynamic changes in brain network organization related to vulnerability, resilience, and disease markers in SZ.
- To compare brain network characteristics between SZ, HR, and healthy controls (HCs).
Main Methods:
- Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 137 SZ, 89 HR, and 210 HCs were analyzed.
- Small-worldness (σ) was computed to quantify the balance between segregation and integration.
- Distance-based functional connectivity was examined to localize regions with altered connectivity.
Main Results:
- Individuals with SZ showed significantly decreased small-worldness (σ) compared to HCs.
- SZ exhibited decreased short-range and increased medium/long-range functional connectivity.
- Both SZ and HR groups displayed decreased short-range connectivity, while HR also showed decreased medium/long-range connectivity.
Conclusions:
- The study found a disrupted balance between segregation and integration in schizophrenia, with preserved balance in high-risk individuals.
- Observed changes in short-range and medium/long-range connectivity in SZ and HR may reflect dynamic shifts related to vulnerability and resilience.
- These findings highlight potential neurobiological markers for schizophrenia risk and disease progression.
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