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Related Concept Videos

Impulse Response01:17

Impulse Response

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The impulse response is the system's reaction to an input impulse. In an RC circuit, the voltage source is the input, and the capacitor's voltage is the output. The system's state and output response before and after input excitation are distinctly defined.
Kirchhoff's law forms an input signal equation, with the capacitor's current and voltage providing the output. Substituting the current and dividing by RC yields a differential equation. The output for an impulse input is the impulse...
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The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
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A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
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Does Self-Reported or Behavioral Impulsivity Predict Subjective Response to Low-Dose Alcohol?

Benjamin L Berey1, Robert F Leeman1,2, Brian Pittman2

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Impulsivity did not predict how heavy drinkers felt after low-dose alcohol. Small alcohol amounts still caused varied subjective effects, suggesting further research across different blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Subjective response to alcohol and impulsivity are risk factors for alcohol use disorders (AUDs).
  • Impulsive individuals may show higher-risk subjective responses to moderate-to-high alcohol doses.
  • Early effects of low-dose alcohol on subjective response in relation to impulsivity are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between multiple measures of impulsivity and subjective responses (stimulation, sedation) after low-dose alcohol administration.
  • To determine if impulsivity predicts subjective effects at the onset of alcohol consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-seven heavy drinkers participated in a placebo-controlled study.
  • Impulsivity was assessed using the Cued Go/No-Go Task, Experiential Discounting Task, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).
  • Subjective stimulation and sedation were measured using the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale after achieving a 0.03% blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

Main Results:

  • Low-dose alcohol increased subjective stimulation and sedation.
  • Impulsivity measures did not significantly predict these subjective responses.
  • A trend for higher BIS-11 impulsivity predicting increased sedation was observed, but attributed to boredom in post hoc analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Impulsivity did not predict subjective responses to low-dose alcohol in heavy drinkers.
  • Even small alcohol amounts can elicit diverse subjective effects.
  • Future research should explore subjective responses across various BACs in both light and heavy drinkers.