Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fischer Projections02:18

Fischer Projections

16.5K
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
16.5K
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

20.9K
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
20.9K
Coordinates and Map Projections01:29

Coordinates and Map Projections

612
Coordinates and map projections are essential tools in accurately representing the Earth's surface for various applications, ranging from navigation to spatial analysis. The latitude and longitude coordinate system is a universally recognized framework for defining locations. Latitude specifies the distance of a point north or south of the equator, measured in degrees from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles. Longitude indicates a location's position east or west of the prime meridian,...
612
Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

18.3K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
18.3K
Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

25.2K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
25.2K
Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

3.7K
The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Circulating imidazole propionate and coronary heart disease risk: interplay between histidine intake, fiber, and gut microbiome.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Item recognition is associated with gut microbiota composition in healthy humans.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Shotgun Metagenomic Profiling of the Gut Virome in Prodromal and Confirmed Parkinson's Disease.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same author

Long-lasting gut microbiome and fecal metabolome alterations after colorectal adenoma removal and their relationship to colorectal cancer.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same author

Dietary sulfur amino acids enhance anti-tumor immunity in colon cancer via an NKT cell-XCL1-cDC1 circuit.

Immunity·2026
Same author

The generational health drift: A systematic review of evidence from the British birth cohort studies.

Population studies·2026
Same journal

Correction to: Developing a novel algorithm to identify incident and prevalent dementia in Medicare claims-the ARIC Study.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

RE: advancing observational research on arts and health: theory-informed approaches using the RADIANCE framework.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

Maternal Cesarean Section and Offspring ASD or ADHD Risk: A Nurses' Health Study II Analysis.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

Immigration and epigenetic age acceleration in the health and retirement study: differences Between Hispanics and Non-Hispanics.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

Age-period-cohort analysis of low birth weight, early term delivery, induction and csection, US births 1990-2019.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

A measurement comparability study to support instrument harmonization in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System
07:32

A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.3K

HMP16SData: Efficient Access to the Human Microbiome Project Through Bioconductor.

Lucas Schiffer1,2, Rimsha Azhar1,2, Lori Shepherd3

  • 1Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|January 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) created a reference for the healthy human microbiome. A new R package, HMP16SData, simplifies accessing and analyzing this complex microbiome data for researchers.

Keywords:
BioconductorHuman Microbiome Projectbioinformaticsdatabasesmetagenomicsmicrobiomestatistical software

More Related Videos

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

23.6K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
06:51

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System
07:32

A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.3K
Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

23.6K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
06:51

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) established a reference dataset for the healthy human microbiome.
  • This dataset covers 18 body sites from 242 healthy American adults.
  • Existing data requires complex bioinformatic processing for analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simplify the utilization of HMP 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing data.
  • To provide an integrated dataset for ecological and statistical analysis.
  • To enable researchers with basic R skills to analyze HMP data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the HMP16SData R package.
  • Integrated 16S rRNA variable region count data with phylogeny, taxonomy, and participant data.
  • Utilized standard Bioconductor data objects for data integration.

Main Results:

  • The HMP16SData package provides readily accessible, integrated HMP data.
  • Bioinformatic hurdles for data access and management are removed.
  • Facilitates quicker analysis of HMP data for epidemiologists.

Conclusions:

  • The HMP16SData package democratizes access to crucial human microbiome reference data.
  • Simplifies complex bioinformatic workflows, accelerating microbiome research.
  • Empowers a wider range of researchers to investigate the human microbiome.