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Related Concept Videos

Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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PSiTE: a Phylogeny guided Simulator for Tumor Evolution.

Hechuan Yang1,2, Bingxin Lu2, Lan Huong Lai2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
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Summary

This study introduces Phylogeny guided Simulator for Tumor Evolution (PSiTE), a tool for simulating cancer clonal evolution. PSiTE generates diverse tumor sample data, aiding in understanding tumor development trajectories.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Cancer Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Simulating realistic clonal dynamics is crucial for understanding cancer genomics.
  • Tumor evolution involves complex trajectories and diverse sample types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present Phylogeny guided Simulator for Tumor Evolution (PSiTE), a novel computational tool.
  • To enable simulation of various tumor sample types and evolutionary paths.

Main Methods:

  • PSiTE simulates single-sector, multi-sector bulk, and single-cell tumor data.
  • The tool supports a wide range of evolutionary trajectories.

Main Results:

  • PSiTE provides an efficient method for simulating tumor clonal dynamics.
  • The simulator generates realistic tumor evolution scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Phylogeny guided Simulator for Tumor Evolution is a valuable tool for cancer research.
  • PSiTE facilitates a deeper understanding of clonal evolution in cancer.