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Acute Infectious Diarrhea.

Andrea Lo Vecchio1, Vittoria Buccigrossi1, Maria Cristina Fedele2

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Probiotics are effective for treating acute infectious diarrhea (AID) in children, with specific strains and doses recommended by guidelines. Their preventative role is mainly for at-risk populations, particularly in hospital settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Acute infectious diarrhea (AID) is a significant global health issue in children.
  • Probiotics offer a promising intervention for AID due to their multifaceted actions on the gut.
  • Strain-specific efficacy and appropriate usage are crucial for successful probiotic intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the mechanisms of action of probiotics in pediatric AID.
  • To review evidence supporting probiotic use in the prevention and treatment of infant AID.
  • To highlight the strongest indications for probiotic therapy in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on probiotic mechanisms and clinical efficacy in AID.
  • Analysis of evidence for both treatment and prevention of AID in infants and children.
  • Focus on strain selection, dosage, and specific indications.

Main Results:

  • Probiotic therapy for AID is strongly supported by guidelines, with proven efficacy and safety for selected strains and doses.
  • Probiotics are most convincingly effective in treating AID, representing a primary medical indication.
  • Evidence supports probiotic use in preventing hospital-acquired diarrhea but is less conclusive for healthy populations or community settings.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotic use in children with AID is well-supported, especially for treatment with specific strains early after symptom onset.
  • Prevention of AID with probiotics is most relevant for at-risk populations, not the general healthy child population.
  • Further research is needed to establish efficacy in understudied populations and settings.