Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

In an inverting amplifier, the input voltage is connected through a resistor to the inverting terminal. Meanwhile, the non-inverting terminal is grounded and a feedback resistor is established between the inverting and output terminal, as depicted in Figure 1.

What is an Ecosystem?

What is an Ecosystem?

What is Biodiversity?

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.

The Representativeness Heuristic

The Representativeness Heuristic

The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.

The Fossil Record

The Fossil Record

The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Diagnostic value of D-wave and motor evoked potentials in intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery: a temporal analysis of predictive accuracy.

Neurosurgical review·2026

Same author

Oculomotor and Caloric Test Findings in 122 Patients With Unilateral Vestibular Schwannoma.

Cureus·2026

Same author

Medically Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Comparative Study of Outcomes of Microvascular Decompression versus Gamma Knife Radiosurgery and Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation.

Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base·2026

Same author

Outcomes of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations.

Neurology India·2026

Same author

Microsurgical management of giant intracranial aneurysms in the endovascular era.

Neurosurgical focus·2025

Same author

Normative cerebellar tonsil position in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2025

Same journal

To be an Intellectual of the Brain.

Turkish neurosurgery·2026

Same journal

In Memoriam: Professor M. Gazi Yaşargil.

Turkish neurosurgery·2026

Same journal

Madison Microneurosurgery Initiative: A Tribute to Professor M. Gazi Yaşargil's Legacy in Microvascular Surgery Training. Part II - Principles Applied and Practices Implemented.

Turkish neurosurgery·2026

Same journal

Madison Microneurosurgery Initiative: A Tribute to Professor M. Gazi Yaşargil's Legacy in Microvascular Surgery Training. Part I - A Brief History of Microsurgery and Yaşargil's Contributions.

Turkish neurosurgery·2026

Same journal

Professor Mahmut Gazi Yasargil: Memories from Little Rock 1994-2003.

Turkish neurosurgery·2026

Same journal

The Professor We Knew.

Turkish neurosurgery·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities

Published on: January 6, 2023

Inverted (Buried) Reef Knot in Microsurgery - A Technical Note.

Nupur Pruthi¹, Dhaval Gohil, Sampath Somanna

¹National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Department of Neurosurgery, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Turkish Neurosurgery

|January 17, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Surgeons often form granny knots in microvascular anastomosis, leading to vessel issues. This study details how to correctly tie inverted reef knots, preventing complications and improving surgical outcomes.

More Related Videos

An ex-ovo Chicken Embryo Culture System Suitable for Imaging and Microsurgery Applications

An ex-ovo Chicken Embryo Culture System Suitable for Imaging and Microsurgery Applications

Published on: October 23, 2010

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

Published on: November 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities

Published on: January 6, 2023

An ex-ovo Chicken Embryo Culture System Suitable for Imaging and Microsurgery Applications

An ex-ovo Chicken Embryo Culture System Suitable for Imaging and Microsurgery Applications

Published on: October 23, 2010

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

Published on: November 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Microsurgery
Vascular Surgery
Surgical Technique

Background:

Microvascular anastomosis involves suturing vessel walls, often with inverted/buried knots.
A common surgical error is the formation of a granny knot during this process.
Granny knots can lead to intraluminal thread, foreign body reactions, and thrombus formation, potentially causing anastomosis failure.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the principles of correct inverted/buried reef knot formation in microsurgery.
To provide a detailed methodology for tying an inverted reef knot.

Main Methods:

Utilized paracords and a glove model to demonstrate the technique.
Detailed step-by-step instructions for forming an inverted reef knot.

Main Results:

Successfully demonstrated the methodology for creating an inverted reef knot.
Highlighted the contrast between correct reef knot and incorrect granny knot formation.

Conclusions:

Proper knot tying is crucial in microvascular anastomosis to prevent complications.
The described technique for inverted reef knots can help avoid anastomosis failure.
This method offers a practical approach for surgical training and skill refinement.