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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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Self-Assembling RNA Nanoparticle for Gene Expression Regulation in a Model System.

Dominika Jedrzejczyk1, Arkadiusz Chworos1

  • 1Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences , Sienkiewicza 112 , 90-363 Lodz , Poland.

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Summary

Researchers discovered a novel RNA motif enabling the creation of triangular RNA nanoparticles for gene silencing. These nanoparticles offer prolonged gene regulation and simultaneous delivery of multiple functions via enzymatic processing.

Keywords:
Dicer substrate RNARNA architectonicsRNA nanoparticleRNA nanostructuresaRNAgene expression regulationgene silencing

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • RNA nanoparticles offer potential for targeted gene delivery.
  • Enzymatic processing can control the release of functional RNA fragments.
  • Novel RNA motifs are needed for advanced nanoparticle design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel RNA motif for nanoparticle construction.
  • To design and validate a trimeric RNA nanoparticle for gene expression regulation.
  • To investigate the efficacy and duration of gene silencing mediated by the RNA nanoparticle.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic search for novel RNA motifs.
  • Computational structure prediction of RNA helices.
  • Design and synthesis of a trimeric RNA nanoparticle.
  • Functional studies in cellular systems to assess gene silencing.
  • Biochemical assays to confirm nanoparticle structure and function.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a novel three-way junction RNA motif.
  • Successful design of an equilateral triangular RNA nanoparticle.
  • Demonstrated effective release of siRNA fragments and gene silencing.
  • Achieved prolonged gene regulatory effects compared to unstructured siRNAs.
  • Confirmed simultaneous delivery of multiple regulatory functions via enzymatic processing.

Conclusions:

  • The novel RNA motif enables the rational design of functional RNA nanoparticles.
  • Enzymatically processed RNA nanoparticles can be effectively used for gene expression regulation.
  • This approach provides a new platform for creating advanced RNA nano-objects with tunable functions.