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The maternal and neonatal microbiome influence offspring immune cell development and neurodevelopment. Early-life microbiota-immune interactions may impact neurological disorder risk and inform future interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • The microbiome significantly impacts host immune function across multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a critical role for the maternal and neonatal microbiome in shaping immune cell development during gestation and early postnatal life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the developmental influence of the perinatal microbiome on immune cell ontogeny and neurodevelopment.
  • To examine the association between early-life microbiota-neuroimmune dysregulation and neurological disorder risk.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of microbiota-immune interventions for neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on the interplay between the microbiome, immune system, and nervous system during early development.
  • Evidence from human and animal studies is examined to understand developmental immune programming and neurodevelopmental processes.
  • The review analyzes data on microbiota-immune interactions and their links to neurological health and disease.

Main Results:

  • The maternal and neonatal microbiome are crucial for immune cell ontogeny and normal neurodevelopment in offspring.
  • Abnormalities in early-life microbiota-neuroimmune signaling are linked to an increased risk of neurological disorders.
  • Interventions targeting the microbiota may hold potential for preventing or treating neurological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanistic interactions between the perinatal microbiota, immune system, and nervous system is vital for insights into developmental biology.
  • Developmental interactions across physiological systems significantly influence later-life health and disease trajectories.
  • Further research into microbiota-immune-nervous system axis is warranted for advancing neurological health strategies.