Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

32.8K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
32.8K
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.1K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.1K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

7.5K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
7.5K
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

41.1K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
41.1K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.8K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.8K
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

49.1K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
49.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Solid tumors exploit proton-sensing GPR65 for orchestration of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2026
Same author

Target-site dynamics explain a large share of apparent microRNA differential expression.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Crosstalk between and developmental dynamics of Caenorhabditis elegans Argonaute proteins.

Genetics·2026
Same author

Tdrd6a and Tdrd6b are required together for germ plasm formation.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

SLBP-independent control of maternal histone mRNA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A SET domain-containing protein and HCF-1 maintain transgenerational epigenetic memory.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

An Optimized RT-qPCR Protocol for Comprehensive Analysis of microRNAs and mRNAs in <i>Mus musculus</i> Brain Tissues.

Non-coding RNA·2026
Same journal

Investigation of Long Non-Coding RNAs <i>H19</i> rs3741219, <i>MEG3</i> rs7158663, <i>POLR2E</i> rs3787016, and <i>ANRIL</i> rs10757274 with Breast Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathological Characteristics in a Mexican Population.

Non-coding RNA·2026
Same journal

Comprehensive lincRNA Transcriptome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Integrating Known and Newly Identified lincRNAs Across Pediatric and Adult Cohorts.

Non-coding RNA·2026
Same journal

Exploratory Machine Learning Analysis of circRNA-Derived Molecular Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Non-coding RNA·2026
Same journal

Urinary Exosomal microRNAs as a Novel Approach to Study People with Multiple Sclerosis and Severe Gait Disability: A Preliminary Observation.

Non-coding RNA·2026
Same journal

Hnf1aos1 as a Metabolic Coordinator of Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis and Feedback Control.

Non-coding RNA·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

RNAi Mediated Gene Knockdown and Transgenesis by Microinjection in the Necromenic Nematode Pristionchus pacificus
06:57

RNAi Mediated Gene Knockdown and Transgenesis by Microinjection in the Necromenic Nematode Pristionchus pacificus

Published on: October 16, 2011

17.0K

Function and Evolution of Nematode RNAi Pathways.

Miguel Vasconcelos Almeida1, Miguel A Andrade-Navarro2,3, René F Ketting4

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany. m.almeida@imb.de.

Non-Coding RNA
|January 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nematodes utilize specialized RNA interference (RNAi)-like pathways to silence selfish genetic elements. These pathways, sharing Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) properties, form a toolkit for genomic defense.

Keywords:
21U RNA22G RNA26G RNAArgonauteC. elegansPiwiRdRPnematodepiRNAsiRNAsmall RNA

More Related Videos

Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi
07:56

Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi

Published on: August 18, 2010

13.9K
RNAi Screening to Identify Postembryonic Phenotypes in C. elegans
09:40

RNAi Screening to Identify Postembryonic Phenotypes in C. elegans

Published on: February 13, 2012

17.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

RNAi Mediated Gene Knockdown and Transgenesis by Microinjection in the Necromenic Nematode Pristionchus pacificus
06:57

RNAi Mediated Gene Knockdown and Transgenesis by Microinjection in the Necromenic Nematode Pristionchus pacificus

Published on: October 16, 2011

17.0K
Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi
07:56

Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi

Published on: August 18, 2010

13.9K
RNAi Screening to Identify Postembryonic Phenotypes in C. elegans
09:40

RNAi Screening to Identify Postembryonic Phenotypes in C. elegans

Published on: February 13, 2012

17.7K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Selfish genetic elements threaten genomic stability across species.
  • RNA interference (RNAi)-like pathways are key defense mechanisms against such elements.
  • Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathways are known to silence foreign genetic elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on nematode RNAi-like pathways.
  • To provide an evolutionary perspective on these pathways in nematodes.
  • To investigate the role of these pathways in silencing selfish genetic elements.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on nematode RNAi-like pathways.
  • Comparative analysis of pathways in *Caenorhabditis elegans* and other nematodes.
  • Examination of evolutionary relationships and functional properties of these pathways.

Main Results:

  • Nematodes possess specialized, rapidly evolving endogenous RNAi-like pathways.
  • Multiple nematode RNAi-like pathways exhibit piRNA-like characteristics.
  • These pathways collectively form a robust toolkit for silencing foreign genetic elements.

Conclusions:

  • Nematode RNAi-like pathways are crucial for maintaining genomic stability.
  • The shared piRNA-like properties suggest a conserved mechanism for defense.
  • A diverse toolkit of RNAi-like pathways enables effective silencing of selfish genetic elements in nematodes.