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Related Concept Videos

Intelligence01:27

Intelligence

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The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
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Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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Facilitated Transport01:19

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Measures of Intelligence01:29

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Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
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Primary Active Transport01:47

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Visualization of Urban Mobility Data from Intelligent Transportation Systems.

Thiago Sobral1, Teresa Galvão2, José Borges3

  • 1INESC TEC, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal. thiago.sobral@fe.up.pt.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Intelligent Transportation Systems generate vast urban mobility data. This study surveys visualization techniques to analyze this data for smart city planning.

Keywords:
data visualizationintelligent transportation sytemsspatiotemporal dataurban mobility

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Area of Science:

  • Urban mobility analysis
  • Smart city technologies
  • Data visualization

Background:

  • Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are crucial for smart cities, generating large volumes of granular data.
  • Analyzing this spatiotemporal urban mobility data is essential for understanding population dynamics.
  • Existing research and interactive visualization tools address the complexity of this data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey existing studies on urban mobility data analysis.
  • To identify addressed topics, phenomena, and adopted visualization techniques.
  • To determine the types of sensor data utilized in urban mobility research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of Intelligent Transportation Systems research.
  • Analysis of urban mobility topics, phenomena, and visualization methods.
  • Categorization of sensor data types used in the surveyed studies.

Main Results:

  • Identified key research areas within urban mobility.
  • Cataloged diverse visualization techniques employed for spatiotemporal data.
  • Highlighted the variety of sensor data sources used in ITS.

Conclusions:

  • Data visualization is vital for analyzing complex urban mobility patterns.
  • There are opportunities for further research in ITS data analysis and visualization.
  • Understanding sensor data types is key to advancing smart city initiatives.