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Communication

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.

Communication

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Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...

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Neuronal Communication

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...

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Communication is a lifelong learning process. Through therapeutic communication, nurses can collect relevant assessment data, provide education and counseling, and interact during nursing interventions. Sending and receiving messages occur through verbal and nonverbal communication techniques and can happen separately or simultaneously.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

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Published on: April 22, 2016

Transfer-printed micro-LED and polymer-based transceiver for visible light communications.

K Rae, P P Manousiadis, M S Islim

|January 18, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates an integrated optical transceiver for bi-directional visible light communication (VLC). The novel device combines a micro-LED transmitter and photodiode receiver on a single platform, enabling high-speed wireless data transmission.

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Wireless Communication
Materials Science

Background:

Visible light communication (VLC) typically uses separate LED transmitters and photoreceiver components.
Integrating transmitters and receivers into a single transceiver is key for advanced, bi-directional VLC systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a proof-of-concept for an integrated optical transceiver for VLC.
To enable bi-directional data transmission and optical relay capabilities within a single device.

Main Methods:

Transfer printing a microsize LED transmitter directly onto a fluorescent optical concentrator.
Edge-coupling the optical concentrator to a photodiode receiver.
Experimental demonstration of data transmission and reception.

Main Results:

Simultaneous downlink data reception at 416 Mbps and uplink data transmission at 165 Mbps achieved.
Successful experimental demonstration of the device operating in optical relay mode at 337 Mbps.

Conclusions:

An integrated optical transceiver for VLC has been successfully demonstrated.
This integrated device enables bi-directional communication and optical relay functionalities.
The developed transceiver offers flexibility for future advanced VLC system development.