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    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetics
    • Nanophotonics
    • Computational Physics

    Background:

    • Inverse design optimizes device shape/topology for performance.
    • Gradient computation is crucial but challenging for complex designs.
    • Existing methods in nanophotonics face accuracy or design constraints.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce a novel strategy for efficient gradient computation in inverse electromagnetic design.
    • Overcome limitations of previous shape and topology optimization approaches.
    • Demonstrate the method's effectiveness in nanophotonic device design.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a new strategy based on smoothing abrupt material interfaces.
    • Enabled accurate gradient computation irrespective of simulation resolution.
    • Applied the method to optimize a non-adiabatic waveguide taper.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high accuracy in gradient computation.
    • Optimized a waveguide taper, yielding a non-intuitive design.
    • Demonstrated a very low insertion loss of 0.041 dB at 1550 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • The smoothing strategy offers an efficient and accurate approach for inverse electromagnetic design.
    • This method overcomes key challenges in nanophotonic device optimization.
    • The optimized waveguide taper showcases the practical benefits of the new technique.