Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

36.0K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
36.0K
Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.6K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.6K
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

50.0K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
50.0K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

24.3K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
24.3K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

218.1K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
218.1K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.4K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Coexistence of classical and polarization-encoded QKD signals over deployed fiber.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Color-neutral, transparent, antimicrobial glass surface based on nanostructured Cu-Zn.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Comprehensive optical monitoring of photopolymer curing for additive manufacturing of diffractive elements.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Traceable random numbers from a non-local quantum advantage.

Nature·2025
Same author

Live magnetic observation of parahydrogen hyperpolarization dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Multispectral Holographic Intensity and Phase Imaging of Semitransparent Ultrathin Films.

ACS photonics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.8K

Interferometric photodetection in silicon photonics for phase diffusion quantum entropy sources.

Miquel Rudé, Carlos Abellán, Albert Capdevila

    Optics Express
    |January 18, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a silicon photonics chip for quantum entropy generation using phase diffusion. This compact device achieves high Gbps rates, compatible with standard manufacturing.

    More Related Videos

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    9.0K
    Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
    14:58

    Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

    Published on: June 3, 2015

    15.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

    Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
    12:19

    Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

    Published on: April 4, 2017

    8.8K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    9.0K
    Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
    14:58

    Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

    Published on: June 3, 2015

    15.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum information science
    • Integrated photonics
    • Silicon photonics

    Background:

    • Quantum entropy sources are crucial for secure communication and computation.
    • Existing methods often require complex setups or specialized materials.
    • Silicon photonics offers a scalable platform for integrated quantum devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a compact and efficient quantum entropy source on a silicon photonics chip.
    • To leverage phase diffusion for robust entropy generation.
    • To achieve high entropy generation rates compatible with CMOS technology.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer on a silicon chip.
    • Utilizing single-laser accelerated phase diffusion for entropy generation.
    • Optimization of the interferometer's splitting ratio and photodetection.
    • Fabrication within a 0.5 mm×1 mm footprint.

    Main Results:

    • Successful interferometric photodetection of the phase-diffusion quantum entropy source.
    • Demonstration of Gbps raw entropy-generation rates.
    • Achieved high performance in a compact, silicon-based device.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed silicon photonics chip represents a significant advancement in integrated quantum entropy sources.
    • The technology is compatible with conventional CMOS fabrication, paving the way for scalable quantum technologies.
    • This work enables practical, high-speed quantum information processing applications.