Adaptive Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor accommodating large wavefront variations

Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (SHWFSs) usually have fixed subaperture areas on the detector, in order to fix the minimum and maximum amounts of wavefront departure, or the dynamic range of measurement. We introduce an active approach, named Adaptive Shack Hartmann Wavefront Sensor (A-SHWFS). A-SHWFS is used to reconfigure detection subaperture areas by either blocking or unblocking desired lenslets by using an electronically modulated mask. This mask either increases or decreases the measurable aberration magnitude by placing a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel in front of the lenslet array. Depending on which control signal that is sent to the LCD, the variable, application-dependent blocking pattern (horizontal, vertical, diagonal, uneven) makes this an adaptive and efficient sensor with a variable dynamic range of measurement. This scheme is also useful for regional blocking, which occurs when the wavefront is severely aberrated in a limited region.