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Related Concept Videos

Range00:59

Range

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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
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Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation01:13

Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation

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The range rule of thumb in statistics helps us calculate a dataset's minimum and maximum values with known standard deviation. This rule is based on the concept that 95% of all values in a dataset lie within two standard deviations from the mean.
For instance, the range rule of thumb can be used to find the tallest and the shortest student in a class, given the mean student height and standard deviation. If the mean student height is 1.6 m and the standard deviation, s is 0.05 m, the height...
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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High dynamic range 3D measurement based on spectral modulation and hyperspectral imaging.

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    This study introduces a new method for high-speed, high-accuracy 3D measurement of objects with challenging surfaces. The technique uses spectral modulation and hyperspectral imaging to overcome limitations of existing binary defocusing methods for high dynamic range materials.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology
    • Computer Vision

    Background:

    • Three-dimensional (3D) measurement is crucial across various scientific and industrial fields.
    • Binary defocusing techniques using digital light processing (DLP) have improved 3D measurement speed.
    • Existing methods struggle with objects exhibiting high dynamic range (HDR) reflectivity, like metal surfaces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel method for high-speed and high-accuracy 3D measurement of objects with HDR reflectivity.
    • To address the limitations of current binary defocusing techniques in measuring surfaces with varying reflectivity.
    • To enable precise 3D reconstruction of challenging materials such as polished metals.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a novel 3D measurement approach integrating spectral modulation and hyperspectral imaging.
    • Utilized a spectral filter to modulate illumination light, enabling high-contrast fringe pattern acquisition.
    • Employed a hyperspectral camera for capturing detailed fringe information from HDR surfaces.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully achieved high-contrast fringe imaging for HDR surfaces.
    • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed spectral modulation and hyperspectral imaging technique for 3D measurement.
    • Enabled accurate 3D measurement of objects previously challenging for binary defocusing methods.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel HDR 3D measurement method based on spectral modulation and hyperspectral imaging is effective.
    • This technique overcomes limitations of existing methods for measuring objects with high dynamic range reflectivity.
    • The proposed strategy offers a promising solution for advanced 3D metrology applications.