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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Large-aperture UV (250~400 nm) imaging spectrometer based on a solid Sagnac interferometer.

Wenming Yang, Ningfang Liao, Shufang He

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    Summary

    A new ultraviolet (UV) Fourier transform imaging spectrometer offers high spatial and spectral resolution for close-range hyperspectral sensing. This robust instrument enables detailed materials analysis and trace detection in the UV waveband.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Imaging Technology

    Background:

    • Developing ultraviolet (UV) imaging spectrometers is difficult due to low photon flux, chromatic aberration, and sensor inefficiency.
    • Existing UV imaging systems face challenges in achieving high spatial and spectral resolution simultaneously.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a large-aperture UV Fourier transform imaging spectrometer for close-range hyperspectral sensing.
    • To overcome challenges in UV imaging by enhancing interferometric stability, spectral purity, and chromatic aberration correction.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a modified solid Sagnac interferometer for improved stability in the 250–400 nm UV waveband.
    • Incorporated a large-aperture, reflective-transmissive filtering system for spectral purity.
    • Employed air-spaced achromatic doublets to correct for chromatic aberration.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a spatial resolution of 23.44 μm and spectral resolution of 1.59 nm at 250 nm.
    • Acquired hyperspectral data cubes with approximately 59 wavelength samples over the 250–400 nm range.
    • Demonstrated UV hyperspectral imaging capabilities on test charts and samples with vitamin traces.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed spectrometer offers excellent spectral accuracy, spatial performance, compactness, and robustness for UV hyperspectral imaging.
    • The instrument is suitable for applications in materials analysis and trace detection utilizing UV spectral characteristics.