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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Salivaomics: The current scenario.

Sonalee Shah1

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP
|January 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Saliva analysis offers a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis, detecting biomarkers linked to oral and systemic conditions. This approach enables continuous health monitoring and potential presymptomatic disease detection.

Keywords:
MetabolomicsmicroRNAmicrobiomeproteomicssalivaomicstranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker discovery
  • Oral diagnostics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Blood analysis has historically dominated disease diagnostics due to technological limitations.
  • Saliva offers a non-invasive alternative, with constituents altering detectably in response to various disease states.
  • Salivary biomarkers correlate with both oral disorders and diseases affecting distant organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of oral fluids as a diagnostic medium for comprehensive health assessment.
  • To highlight the advantages of salivary analysis for continuous disease monitoring and therapeutic efficacy assessment.
  • To introduce the Salivaomics Knowledge Base (SKB) as a resource for salivary biomarker research.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating salivary constituents including proteins, messenger RNAs, micro-RNAs (miRNAs), metabolites, and microbes.
  • Utilizing data from the Salivaomics Knowledge Base (SKB) for repository, management, and web resources.
  • Aligning salivary biomarker discovery across multiple 'omic' dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Saliva contains five major diagnostic components: proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, metabolites, and microbes.
  • Changes in salivary components can indicate disease states in oral health and systemic conditions.
  • The SKB supports integrated research in salivary proteomics, transcriptomics, miRNA, metabolomics, and microbiome.

Conclusions:

  • Saliva analysis represents a promising, non-invasive diagnostic tool for systemic and oral diseases.
  • Continuous monitoring of salivary biomarkers allows for tracking disease progression and treatment response.
  • The SKB facilitates advanced salivary diagnostics and biomarker discovery for presymptomatic detection.