Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Robotic Taj Mahal Hepatectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Published on: July 14, 2022
Effects of propofol on human cholangiocarcinoma and the associated mechanisms
Zhuo Zhang1, Mingcui Zang1, Shuang Wang1
1Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.
Abstract:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common type of biliary duct malignancy. Propofol is a fast-acting intravenous anesthetic, which also exerts an anti-cancer effect. The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of propofol on human CCA and the associated mechanisms in vitro. The results indicated that as concentration (0, 1, 5 and 10 µg/ml) of propofol and treatment time (24, 48 and 72 h) increased, the cell inhibition rate of human CCA QBC939 cells increased. Furthermore, treatment with various concentrations of propofol for 48 h resulted in a decrease in migration and invasion capacity in QBC939 cells. Propofol also induced the apoptosis of QBC939 cells and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Propofol treatment increased the expression level of Bax and decreased that of Bcl-2. In addition, the effects of propofol on gene expression were evaluated, including Wnt3α, β-catenin, Snail1 and c-myc in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It was identified that as the concentration of propofol increased, the expression of these genes decreased. In conclusion, the current results indicate that propofol is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of CCA.
Related Concept Videos
Buffer Effectiveness
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
Framing Effects
Reaction Mechanisms
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
Mechanical Protein Functions
Biological Effects of Radiation
Mechanism of Conjugation

