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Functional and Spatial Design of Emergency Departments Using Quality Function Deployment.

Yassin Abdelsamad1, Muhammad Rushdi1, Bassel Tawfik1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.

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|January 18, 2019
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Emergency department (ED) design flaws cause crowding and increase mortality. Incorporating stakeholder needs with international standards via Quality Function Deployment (QFD) improves ED design, reducing these issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Design
  • Hospital Management
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Inadequate emergency department (ED) design contributes to crowding, extended patient stays, and increased mortality.
  • A primary driver of poor ED design is the insufficient involvement of key stakeholders in the planning process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey ED stakeholder requirements and compare them with existing designs and international standards.
  • To propose and validate a novel hybrid ED design integrating stakeholder needs and international standards using Quality Function Deployment (QFD).

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale survey was conducted to gather requirements from ED stakeholders.
  • Existing ED designs were analyzed against survey results and international standards.
  • A hybrid design was developed using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, also known as the House of Quality.
  • The QFD-based design's correlation with stakeholder requirements and international standards was assessed in two international EDs.

Main Results:

  • Significant discrepancies were identified between stakeholder requirements and current ED designs, including the lack of initial admission units and inadequate treatment space.
  • The QFD-based hybrid design demonstrated strong positive correlations with both stakeholder requirements (r=0.92-0.93) and international standards (r=0.91-0.94).

Conclusions:

  • Integrating stakeholder opinions through structured methods like QFD is crucial for effective ED design.
  • International ED design standards should evolve to better incorporate stakeholder perspectives and accommodate regional cultural and environmental variations.