Solid nanoparticles for oral antimicrobial drug delivery: a review

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and high costs pose global health challenges.
• Improving existing antibacterial delivery systems is crucial for effective treatment.
• Oral drug administration is preferred for patient acceptance and convenience.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss solid nanoparticles (SNPs) for oral antimicrobial delivery.
• To explore the role of nanotechnology in developing antimicrobial therapies.
• To address challenges and limitations in SNP-based oral antimicrobial drug delivery.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on solid nanoparticles (SNPs) for oral drug delivery.
• Discussion of various SNP formulations: solid lipid NPs (SLNs), polymeric NPs (PNs), mesoporous silica NPs (MSNs), and hybrid NPs (HNs).
• Analysis of nanotechnology's role in transitioning from intravenous to oral antimicrobial therapy.

Main Results:

• SNPs can enhance drug stability in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Formulation into SNPs improves drug solubility, bioavailability, and enables targeted/sustained release.
• Various SNP types (SLNs, PNs, MSNs, HNs) are suitable for oral antimicrobial delivery.

Conclusions:

• SNPs represent a significant advancement in oral antimicrobial drug delivery systems.
• Nanotechnology offers potential for developing novel antimicrobial therapies, including IV to oral transitions.
• Further research is needed to overcome challenges and facilitate clinical translation of SNPs for oral antimicrobial use.