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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents
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Deep Brain Stimulation for Memory Modulation: A New Frontier.

Imad S Khan1, Erin N D'Agostino2, Daniel R Calnan1

  • 1Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.

World Neurosurgery
|January 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promise for enhancing memory in patients with cognitive disorders. Further research into advanced neuromodulation techniques could lead to effective memory enhancement strategies.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationMemoryModulationNetworkReview

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuromodulation
  • Cognitive Disorders

Background:

  • Cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's and TBI are increasing, posing significant societal costs.
  • Current medical and pharmacologic treatments offer limited benefit for these conditions.
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for other neurological conditions, with some data suggesting memory improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the effects of DBS on memory and cognition.
  • To identify potential mechanisms and targets for neuromodulation-based memory enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search of MEDLINE was conducted.
  • Keywords included "DBS," "Deep Brain Stimulation," "Memory," "Memory Modulation," and "Cognition."
  • Studies investigating DBS effects on memory and learning were reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Stimulation of various memory circuit nodes shows potential for memory modulation.
  • Mechanisms include altering neural firing patterns, increasing regional activity, and enhancing neural plasticity.
  • Specific targets like the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus basalis of Meynert show promising results.

Conclusions:

  • Neuromodulation for memory enhancement is gaining interest due to an aging population and rising neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Future research should focus on advanced responsive stimulation and precise spatial targeting.
  • Optimized DBS strategies may offer effective solutions for memory enhancement.