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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Methods for operando coherent X-ray diffraction of battery materials at the Advanced Photon Source.

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Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|January 19, 2019
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Summary

Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging visualizes crystal changes in operando battery electrodes. This technique probes local properties of electrode materials, offering insights into structural and strain evolution during operation.

Keywords:
Bragg coherent diffractive imagingcoherent multi-crystal diffractionexperimental protocolsin operando characterization of battery materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Operando characterization of battery electrode materials is crucial for understanding their performance and degradation.
  • Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (BCXD) offers a powerful, non-destructive method for nanoscale visualization of crystal dynamics.
  • Previous methods lacked the resolution to observe individual crystal behavior within complex electrode structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging for operando analysis of battery electrode materials.
  • To highlight the capabilities of the 34-ID-C beamline at the Advanced Photon Source for such measurements.
  • To detail experimental protocols for sample handling, alignment, and data acquisition in BCXD studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (BCXD) to probe submicrometer-sized electrode material crystals.
  • Employed two approaches: coherent multi-crystal diffraction for collective and individual crystal behavior, and Bragg coherent diffractive imaging for morphology and strain evolution.
  • Conducted experiments on a sodium-ion cathode material (NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2) in a half-cell configuration.

Main Results:

  • Successfully visualized the structural, morphological, and strain evolution of individual crystals within operando electrode materials.
  • Demonstrated the ability of BCXD to provide both collective and single-crystal insights into phase transitions and dynamic processes.
  • Established detailed experimental procedures for effective BCXD measurements on battery materials.

Conclusions:

  • Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging is a valuable technique for in-depth operando studies of battery electrode materials.
  • The methodology allows for precise monitoring of crystal behavior at the nanoscale, crucial for battery development.
  • The study provides a comprehensive guide for implementing BCXD experiments at synchrotron facilities.