What is and what is not cell senescence
Ewa Sikora1, Anna Bielak-Żmijewska1, Grażyna Mosieniak1
1Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej PAN im. M. Nenckiego w Warszawie.
Postepy Biochemii
|January 19, 2019
Summary
Cell senescence, a state where cells stop dividing, is triggered by DNA damage or stress. This review explores the diverse mechanisms and hallmarks of senescence in normal and cancer cells, including its induction by anticancer treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Cell senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest characterized by specific hallmarks.
- Senescent cells remain metabolically active and secrete various molecules.
- Traditionally viewed in normal proliferating cells, senescence is now recognized in cancer cells and post-mitotic cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms underlying cell senescence in normal and cancer cells.
- To discuss the expanding concept of cell senescence.
- To highlight the role of DNA damage response pathways in senescence.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of cell senescence mechanisms.
- Analysis of hallmarks of senescence.
- Discussion of signaling pathways involved in senescence.
Main Results:
- Senescence involves telomere erosion or stress-induced arrest with distinct cellular hallmarks.
- Anticancer treatments can induce senescence in cancer cells.
- Senescence hallmarks are observed in non-proliferating cells, broadening the concept.
Conclusions:
- Cell senescence is a complex process with diverse triggers and manifestations.
- The understanding of senescence has evolved beyond normal proliferating cells to include cancer cells.
- The DNA damage response pathway is a central mechanism in cell senescence.
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