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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
Published on: December 17, 2019
Immunotherapy alone or chemo-immunotherapy as front-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Michael Shafique1, Tawee Tanvetyanon1
1a Thoracic Oncology Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , FL , USA.
Introduction:
Immunotherapy, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, has demonstrated superior efficacy to chemotherapy alone in the frontline setting. To date, there has been no randomized study comparing immunotherapy alone with chemo-immunotherapy.
Areas Covered:
This paper reviews the immunobiological rationale for combining chemotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors as well as the data from recent phase-3 studies to understand the risks and benefits associated with either therapeutic approach for diverse patient populations.
Expert Opinion:
Frontline pembrolizumab monotherapy remains the treatment of choice for patients with high PD-L1 expression. For those with low PD-L1 expression, pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy can be considered.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
Extraction: Advanced Methods
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

