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No conscientious objection without normative justification: A reply.

Bruce P Blackshaw1

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This paper argues against arbitrary conscientious objections in medicine. It proposes an alternative framework valuing freedom of conscience and religion, using harm tolerance instead of subjective normative criteria for justification.

Keywords:
conscienceconscientious objectionmedical ethicsreasonability

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Medical Ethics
  • Philosophy of Religion

Background:

  • Benjamin Zolf's paper 'No conscientious objection without normative justification' argues that conscientious objections in medicine require normative justification to prevent arbitrariness.
  • Zolf contends that subjective beliefs underlying objections are difficult to assess by normative criteria, and extrinsic criteria also rely on normative grounds, rendering conscientious objection untenable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an alternative framework for evaluating conscientious objection in medicine.
  • To challenge Zolf's conclusion that conscientious objection is untenable.
  • To propose a method for assessing conscientious objection claims without requiring individual normative justification.

Main Methods:

  • Critique of Zolf's argument regarding normative justification for conscientious objection.
  • Development of an alternative account based on the value of freedom of conscience and religion.
  • Proposal of an extrinsic criterion: assessing the degree of harm tolerable as a cost of permitting conscientious objection.

Main Results:

  • An alternative framework for conscientious objection is presented, shifting focus from subjective normative justification to an extrinsic harm-tolerance criterion.
  • This approach avoids the need for normative judgment of individual subjective beliefs.
  • The value placed on freedom of conscience and religion serves as the basis for determining acceptable harm levels.

Conclusions:

  • Conscientious objection in medicine can be permissibly accommodated without requiring individual normative justification.
  • An extrinsic, harm-based criterion offers a viable alternative for managing conscientious objection claims.
  • This approach better respects freedom of conscience and religion by focusing on societal tolerance of harm.