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Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations at Birth in Children Screened for HLA-DQB1 Conferred Risk for Type 1

Marjaana Mäkinen1,2, Eliisa Löyttyniemi3, Maarit Koskinen1,2

  • 1MediCity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|January 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Vitamin D levels at birth do not predict type 1 diabetes (T1D) or islet autoimmunity (IA) development in children. This study found no significant difference in cord blood 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations between children who developed T1D/IA and those who did not.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Vitamin D influences the immune system, potentially affecting type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis.
  • Investigating vitamin D's role in T1D is crucial for understanding disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if umbilical cord serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations differ in children who develop islet autoimmunity (IA) or T1D.
  • To assess the association between neonatal vitamin D status and the subsequent development of T1D or IA.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed umbilical cord serum samples from 764 children at high risk for T1D.
  • Measured 25(OH)D levels using enzyme immunoassay in children who developed T1D, IA, or remained autoantibody-negative controls.
  • Followed participants for a median of 9.8 years.

Main Results:

  • Median cord serum 25(OH)D concentration was low (31.1 nmol/L), with 88% below 50 nmol/L.
  • No statistically significant difference in 25(OH)D levels was observed between children who developed T1D or IA and their matched controls (P=0.70).
  • 25(OH)D levels were associated with geographical location, birth timing, maternal age, and vitamin D intake during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations are not associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in childhood.
  • Vitamin D status at birth does not appear to be a predictive factor for T1D or IA.
Abstract

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