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Vertically acquired occult hepatitis B virus infection may become overt after several years

Anders Eilard1, Maria Andersson1, Johan Ringlander1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.

The Journal of Infection
|January 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can occur in infants despite vaccination and immunoglobulin. This vertical transmission may lead to overt HBV infection later in childhood.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Vertical transmission from mothers to infants is a primary route of HBV infection.
  • Despite prophylaxis, occult HBV infection (OBI) remains a concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of vertically acquired occult HBV infection in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers.
  • To assess the long-term outcomes of OBI in children who received standard prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated 44 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers receiving HBV vaccine and HBIG (if HBeAg-positive).
  • Analyzed HBV DNA at 6 weeks and 12 months, and HBV antibodies at 12 and 18 months.
  • Followed up children at 5-7 years for serological markers and HBV DNA.

Main Results:

  • Three children had detectable HBV DNA at 12 months, with sequences matching their mothers' HBV.
  • One of these children developed HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity by 5-7 years.
  • Two of the three children with initial OBI still had detectable HBV DNA at long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Vertical transmission of HBV can result in OBI, even with adequate prophylaxis.
  • OBI may progress to overt HBV infection, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.
  • The clinical significance of OBI requires further investigation.
Abstract

Keywords:
Hepatitis B virusMother-to-childOBIOccult

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