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Orbital paraganglioma in a dog
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere
|January 19, 2019
Summary
A rare orbital paraganglioma, a type of neuroendocrine tumor, was diagnosed in a dog. This case highlights the importance of considering paraganglioma in orbital mass differentials.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Ophthalmology
- Surgical Pathology
- Neuroendocrinology
Background:
- Orbital masses in dogs can present with varied clinical signs.
- Exophthalmia and vision loss necessitate thorough diagnostic investigation.
- Neuroendocrine tumors, such as paragangliomas, are uncommon in the orbit.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a case of canine orbital paraganglioma.
- To describe the diagnostic findings and treatment of this rare tumor.
- To emphasize paraganglioma as a differential diagnosis for orbital masses.
Main Methods:
- Clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and orbital ultrasound were performed.
- Fine needle aspirate (FNA) guided by ultrasound was obtained for cytology.
- Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were conducted after surgical excision (exenteration).
Main Results:
- A 10-year-old Rottweiler presented with exophthalmia, blindness, and optic nerve head swelling.
- MRI revealed a complex orbital mass.
- Cytology showed polygonal cells with nuclear pseudoinclusions; histopathology confirmed an infiltrative neoplasm immunopositive for neuroendocrine markers (NSE, synaptophysin, chromogranin A), consistent with paraganglioma.
- No recurrence was noted 25 months post-surgery.
Conclusions:
- Canine orbital paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor.
- A combination of advanced imaging, cytology, and histopathology is crucial for diagnosis.
- Paraganglioma should be included in the differential diagnosis for canine orbital masses.
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