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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials
Published on: February 26, 2021
Encapsulation of EGCG and esterified EGCG derivatives in double emulsions containing Whey Protein Isolate, Bacterial
Vasiliki Evageliou1, Elli Panagopoulou1, Ioanna Mandala1
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
Double (W1/O/W2) emulsions of 0.8 %wt PGPR-0.25 %wt BC-1 %wt WPI and NaCl (1.6-8 %wt) were characterized regarding their microstructure, droplet size, stability and viscosity. Droplet size increased with salt concentration. Salt addition at 4-5% wt limited the instability rate. Viscosity increased with NaCl concentration up to 4.8 %wt, above which it decreased. Eventually, the emulsion with 4.3 %wt salt was selected for catechin incorporation. In order to increase its antioxidant activity, Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) was esterified with stearic acid. Esterification was partial and a mixture of esters was obtained. Both EGCG and its esterified derivatives were incorporated in the double emulsion. Storage reduced encapsulation. Encapsulation efficiency was reduced in the order "EGCG in the W1 phase" emulsion > "EGCG in the O phase" emulsion > "esterified EGCG in the W1 phase" emulsion. The presence of both catechins did not have a great effect on retarding emulsion oxidation.
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