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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of Invadopodia-mediated Extracellular Matrix Proteolysis in Single and Multicellular Contexts
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How evolution made the matrix punch at the multicellularity party.

Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual1

  • 1From the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (C.S.I.C.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (U.A.M.), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, E28049 Spain frodriguez@cbm.csic.es.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|January 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The basement membrane

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The basement membrane, a key extracellular matrix component, provides structural support and regulates cellular functions.
  • It played a crucial role in the evolution of multicellular organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary role of basement membrane constituents in the transition to multicellularity.
  • To explore the emergence and divergence of the Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP).

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis across diverse species.
  • Bioinformatic approaches to study protein evolution.

Main Results:

  • The study provides evidence for the emergence and divergence of the multifunctional Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP).

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  • GPBP, a basement membrane constituent, likely played a role in the transition to multicellular life.
  • Findings illuminate GPBP's contribution to extracellular matrix formation.

    • Conclusions:

    • The evolution of GPBP is linked to the development of basement membranes and multicellularity.
    • This research refines our understanding of the evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of complex organisms.