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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Bead Based Multiplex Assay for Analysis of Tear Cytokine Profiles
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The genesis and evolution of bead-based multiplexing.

Hilary Graham1, Don J Chandler2, Sherry A Dunbar3

  • 1Scientific Marketing & Applications, Luminex Corporation, 12212 Technology Blvd, Austin, TX, 78727, United States.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|January 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiplexed analysis enables simultaneous detection of multiple targets, saving time and resources. The Luminex xMAP platform is a leading microsphere-based technology widely used across diverse research applications.

Keywords:
Bead-basedLuminexMicrosphereMultiplexSuspension arrayxMAP

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Multiplexed analysis allows simultaneous detection of multiple analytes, reducing time, labor, and cost compared to single-reaction methods.
  • Microsphere-based suspension array technologies, exemplified by the Luminex xMAP system, provide high-throughput detection for protein and nucleic acid targets.

Observation:

  • Luminex established itself as a leader in bead-based multiplexing solutions shortly after its founding in 1995.
  • The xMAP Technology is the most adopted bead-based multiplexing platform, evidenced by over 35,000 publications and 15,500 instruments installed globally.

Findings:

  • Over 70 Luminex Partners offer more than 1300 research-use kits and custom assay solutions.
  • The open architecture of the xMAP platform facilitates its implementation in a broad spectrum of applications.

Implications:

  • The platform's versatility supports advancements in transplant medicine, biomarker discovery, pathogen detection, drug discovery, vaccine development, personalized medicine, neurodegeneration, and cancer research.