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N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) RNA modifications are vital for gene expression. This study reviews known YTH reader proteins and explores novel non-YTH m6A readers, highlighting their roles in cellular plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotes.
  • m6A plays critical roles in gene expression, development, reproduction, and stress responses.
  • m6A exerts its functions primarily by recruiting reader proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolutionary history and functions of eukaryote YTH m6A reader proteins.
  • To introduce and discuss non-YTH proteins with potential roles as m6A readers.
  • To explore the implications of m6A reader diversity for cellular plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of evolutionary history.
  • Compilation and discussion of known and potential m6A reader proteins.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on m6A-mediated gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • Detailed review of YTH domain-containing m6A readers and their functions.
  • Identification and discussion of emerging non-YTH m6A readers.
  • Emphasis on the diverse mechanisms and combinatorial potential of m6A readers.

Conclusions:

  • YTH proteins are well-established m6A readers, crucial for various biological processes.
  • Non-YTH proteins represent a largely unexplored frontier in m6A recognition.
  • The expanding landscape of m6A readers provides extensive regulatory capacity for fine-tuning gene expression and cellular responses.