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Multiple Respiratory Microbiota Profiles Are Associated With Lower Airway Inflammation in Children With Protracted

Robyn L Marsh1, Heidi C Smith-Vaughan1, Alice C H Chen2

  • 1Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.

Chest
|January 21, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children shows higher bacterial biomass and distinct airway microbiota compared to controls. Inflammation is linked to microbiota profiles, not just single pathogens, suggesting a complex role in disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) requires effective management to prevent chronic lung conditions like bronchiectasis.
  • Understanding airway infection and inflammation is crucial for optimizing PBB treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) microbiota, bacterial biomass, and inflammatory markers in children with PBB versus age-matched controls.

Main Methods:

  • Collected BAL from 28 children with PBB and 8 controls.
  • Analyzed BAL microbiology using culture, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and bacterial biomass quantification.
  • Assessed lower airway inflammation via inflammatory cells, IL-8, and IL-1β levels.

Main Results:

  • Children with PBB had significantly higher bacterial biomass, neutrophil percentage, IL-8, and IL-1β levels.
  • BAL microbiota differed significantly between PBB patients and controls, clustering into pathogen-dominated or diverse profiles.
  • Alpha diversity did not correlate with bacterial biomass, pathogen presence, or inflammatory markers.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophilic inflammation in PBB is associated with diverse BAL microbiota profiles, not solely single pathogens.
  • Inflammation appears linked to overall bacterial biomass, suggesting a complex interplay in PBB pathogenesis.
  • Further research into the respiratory microbiota's role is vital for understanding PBB progression and preventing bronchiectasis.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchitishuman microbiomemicrobiotapediatricspulmonary inflammation

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