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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

17.4K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Primary Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic Neurons
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Targeting the Dopaminergic System in Autoimmunity.

Pia M Vidal1, Rodrigo Pacheco2,3

  • 1Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile.

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology
|January 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Dopamine regulates inflammation by influencing immune cells. Targeting dopamine receptors offers therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.

Keywords:
DopamineDopamine receptorsInflammatory bowel diseaseMultiple sclerosisParkinson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Dopamine is a key regulator of inflammation, maintaining central nervous system-immune system homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of the dopaminergic system impacts innate and adaptive immunity, contributing to autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the dopaminergic system in autoimmune diseases.
  • To analyze therapeutic strategies targeting dopamine receptors for autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on dopamine, immunity, and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of therapeutic approaches targeting the dopaminergic system.

Main Results:

  • Dopaminergic signaling influences T-cell effector and regulatory functions.
  • Dopamine receptors are expressed on immune cells, with varied effects based on concentration and receptor type.
  • Impaired dopaminergic signaling contributes to autoimmune pathology development and progression.

Conclusions:

  • The dopaminergic system is a critical target for managing autoimmune disorders, particularly those affecting the brain and gut.
  • Dopamine receptors represent promising therapeutic targets for novel treatments or drug repurposing in autoimmune diseases.