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Alcohol-Induced Amnesia and Personalized Drinking Feedback: Blackouts Predict Intervention Response.
Mary Beth Miller1, Angelo M DiBello2, Ellen Meier2
1University of Missouri School of Medicine; Brown University School of Public Health.
Behavior Therapy
|January 22, 2019
Summary
Experiencing alcohol-induced amnesia ("blackouts") signals a teachable moment. Brief interventions effectively reduce alcohol-related harm for young adults who have had blackouts, particularly through lowered peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Addiction Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Alcohol-induced amnesia, or
- blackouts
- is a significant predictor of alcohol-related harm and may indicate a critical window for intervention.
- Previous research suggests a link between amnesia and negative alcohol consequences, but its role in moderating intervention effectiveness is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate alcohol-induced amnesia as a moderator of brief alcohol intervention effectiveness.
- To assess whether amnesia influences reductions in alcohol-related consequences and peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
- To differentiate the effect of amnesia from general alcohol risk (AUDIT scores).
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving 198 college students assessing alcohol use.
- Participants were assigned to assessment only (AO) or personalized feedback intervention (PFI) groups.
- Hierarchical regression analyzed intervention effects, moderating roles of amnesia and AUDIT scores, and mediation by peak BAC and protective behavioral strategies.
Main Results:
- A significant interaction showed that only PFI participants experiencing amnesia in the prior month reported fewer alcohol consequences at follow-up.
- Personalized feedback intervention reduced alcohol-related consequences indirectly by lowering peak BAC, but solely among participants with prior amnesia.
- Baseline alcohol risk (AUDIT) did not moderate intervention effects, and protective behavioral strategies did not mediate the intervention's impact.
Conclusions:
- Alcohol-induced amnesia is a unique determinant of young adult responsiveness to brief alcohol interventions.
- Normative feedback interventions show particular promise for individuals who have experienced recent alcohol-induced amnesia.
- Identifying individuals who experience blackouts can help tailor more effective alcohol harm reduction strategies.
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